{"id":72692,"date":"2021-02-15T14:17:25","date_gmt":"2021-02-15T05:17:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/fr\/?p=72692"},"modified":"2023-10-24T13:26:02","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T04:26:02","slug":"population-japon-demographie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/fr\/population-japon-demographie\/","title":{"rendered":"Population japonaise\u00a0: comment \u00e9volue la d\u00e9mographie du Japon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Troisi\u00e8me puissance mondiale, le Japon, g\u00e9ant \u00e9conomique et technologique, conna\u00eet pourtant une chute d\u00e9mographique. Quelles en sont les cons\u00e9quences, tant soci\u00e9tales qu\u2019\u00e9conomiques, et quelles solutions le gouvernement cherche-t-il \u00e0 mettre en place&nbsp;? Apr\u00e8s le recensement de 2020, faisons le point sur la situation d\u00e9mographique du Japon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Combien de personnes vivent au Japon ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>La population du Japon en 2021 janvier est estim\u00e9e \u00e0 125,57 millions d\u2019habitants<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/15141428\/shibuya-crossing-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Le carrefour de Shibuya, \u00e0 Tokyo vue de haut. \" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-76188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/15141428\/shibuya-crossing-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/15141428\/shibuya-crossing-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/15141428\/shibuya-crossing-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/15141428\/shibuya-crossing.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Au carrefour de Shibuya \u00e0 Tokyo \u23aa Photographie&nbsp;: Daryan Shamkhali on Unsplash<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Tous les 5 ans, le gouvernement japonais proc\u00e8de \u00e0 un recensement national de la population. <strong>Le dernier recensement date d\u2019octobre 2020.<\/strong> Il concerne tous les r\u00e9sidents du Japon, y compris les \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25111435\/Statistique.png\" alt=\"Document statistique\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72709\" style=\"width:270px;height:300px\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Comment la population japonaise \u00e9volue-t-elle&nbsp;?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Depuis 2010, <strong>la <a href=\"https:\/\/mercijapon.fr\/demographie-du-japon-tout-savoir-sur-la-population\/\" class=\"ek-link\">population japonaise<\/a> diminue<\/strong> chaque ann\u00e9e.<strong> <\/strong>Apr\u00e8s avoir culmin\u00e9 \u00e0 128 millions d\u2019habitants en 2010, le Japon, en d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mographique, a perdu pr\u00e8s de 2 millions d\u2019habitants au cours de la d\u00e9cennie 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Les projections annoncent une poursuite, et m\u00eame une amplification du d\u00e9peuplement du Japon.<\/strong> Elles pr\u00e9voient un passage sous la barre des 100 millions d\u2019habitants au cours de la d\u00e9cennie 2050, et une population avoisinant \u00e0 peine les 90 millions d\u2019habitants dans les ann\u00e9es 2060. D\u2019ici \u00e0 2100, le Japon pourrait avoir perdu pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de sa population. Avec un nombre de naissances en baisse depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, le rebond de la natalit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas pour demain&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"835\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103953\/Famille-1024x835.png\" alt=\"Une famille japonaise\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72701\" style=\"width:512px;height:418px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103953\/Famille-1024x835.png 1024w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103953\/Famille-500x408.png 500w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103953\/Famille-1536x1253.png 1536w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103953\/Famille.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Comme nous allons le voir, les raisons<em> <\/em>d\u2019un tel d\u00e9clin se trouvent aux deux extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s de la pyramide des \u00e2ges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Taux de f\u00e9condit\u00e9&nbsp;: une natalit\u00e9 en berne<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Premier probl\u00e8me : <strong>le taux de f\u00e9condit\u00e9 est l\u2019un des plus bas au monde, autour de 1,36&nbsp;enfant par femme<\/strong> en 2020. Et m\u00eame s\u2019il remonte un peu depuis 2005, <strong>il ne permet pas d\u2019assurer le renouvellement des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"734\" data-id=\"72697\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103934\/Bebe-garcon.png\" alt=\"B\u00e9b\u00e9 gar\u00e7on\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103934\/Bebe-garcon.png 624w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103934\/Bebe-garcon-425x500.png 425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">B\u00e9b\u00e9 gar\u00e7on<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"734\" data-id=\"72696\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103924\/Bebe-fille.png\" alt=\"B\u00e9b\u00e9 fille\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103924\/Bebe-fille.png 624w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103924\/Bebe-fille-425x500.png 425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">B\u00e9b\u00e9 fille<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Mais pourquoi les Japonais ont-ils si peu d\u2019enfants&nbsp;? Plusieurs raisons \u00e0 cela&nbsp;: co\u00fbt de la vie, hausse du niveau d\u2019\u00e9tudes, augmentation du taux d\u2019activit\u00e9 des femmes&#8230; <strong>Or la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 japonaise ne permet que difficilement aux femmes de concilier travail et maternit\u00e9.<\/strong> Outre la raret\u00e9 et le co\u00fbt des structures d\u2019accueil de petite enfance, la culture d\u2019un travail chronophage entrave l\u2019acceptabilit\u00e9 de la maternit\u00e9 des employ\u00e9es au sein de l\u2019entreprise.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"374\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25111912\/Femme-planifiant-ses-projets.png\" alt=\"Femme japonaise planifiant ses projets\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72711\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">La faible natalit\u00e9 a pour corollaire <strong>un taux de c\u00e9libat en hausse constante<\/strong>. Depuis 1960, le taux de c\u00e9libataires \u00e0 vie est pass\u00e9 de 3 \u00e0 17 % chez les femmes, et m\u00eame de 1,7 \u00e0 26 % chez les hommes. On estime aujourd\u2019hui qu\u2019un tiers des 20-35 ans pourrait rester c\u00e9libataire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"680\" height=\"571\" data-id=\"72699\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103945\/Couple-avec-un-enfant.png\" alt=\"Couple avec un enfant\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103945\/Couple-avec-un-enfant.png 680w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103945\/Couple-avec-un-enfant-500x420.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"571\" data-id=\"72700\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103949\/Couple.png\" alt=\"Couple sans enfant\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103949\/Couple.png 584w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103949\/Couple-500x489.png 500w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103949\/Couple-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"571\" data-id=\"72698\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103943\/Celibataire.png\" alt=\"C\u00e9libataire\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103943\/Celibataire.png 584w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103943\/Celibataire-500x489.png 500w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25103943\/Celibataire-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00c2ge et vieillissement de la population japonaise&nbsp;: de plus en plus de centenaires<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Marqueur fort de la d\u00e9mographie japonaise, <strong>l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie est la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e au monde<\/strong>&nbsp;: 81,41 ans pour les hommes, 87,45 ans pour les femmes en 2020. En 2060, on estime que l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie atteindra 84 ans pour les hommes, et 90 ans pour les femmes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">L\u2019allongement de la dur\u00e9e de vie engendre naturellement un <strong>vieillissement de la population, et ce vieillissement d\u00e9mographique s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re.<\/strong> La g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des baby-boomers des ann\u00e9es 1947-49 est aujourd\u2019hui senior. Plus encore, le Japon souffre du vieillissement de la population le plus rapide au monde \u2014 un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. En 2013, le <em>livre blanc sur le vieillissement d\u00e9mographique<\/em> publi\u00e9 par le gouvernement recense&nbsp;pr\u00e8s de 33 millions de seniors de plus de 65 ans. En 2019, 28&nbsp;% de la population a plus de 65&nbsp;ans, contre 12&nbsp;% en 1990, et seulement 4,9 % en 1950.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Le rapport entre population de 15 \u00e0 64 ans et la population de plus de 65 ans se d\u00e9grade.<\/strong> En 1980, il \u00e9tait de 7,4 personnes&nbsp;; en 2010, il n\u2019\u00e9tait plus que de 2,7 personnes. Et les pr\u00e9visions ne sont gu\u00e8re plus optimistes&nbsp;: 1,8 en 2030, et 1,3 \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050-60. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Le nombre de centenaires ne cesse d\u2019augmenter <\/strong>pour s\u2019\u00e9lever, en 2019, \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 75&nbsp;000. Il faut dire que le r\u00e9gime japonais favorise la long\u00e9vit\u00e9. Le <a aria-label=\"r\u00e9gime d\u2019Okinawa (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9gime_Okinawa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">r\u00e9gime d\u2019Okinawa<\/a>, en particulier, est mondialement renomm\u00e9 pour son caract\u00e8re di\u00e9t\u00e9tique et ultra-sain. L\u2019archipel d\u2019Okinawa est r\u00e9put\u00e9 pour compter de nombreux centenaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"569\" height=\"570\" data-id=\"72703\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110420\/Monsieur-age.png\" alt=\"Monsieur \u00e2g\u00e9\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110420\/Monsieur-age.png 569w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110420\/Monsieur-age-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110420\/Monsieur-age-50x50.png 50w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110420\/Monsieur-age-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110420\/Monsieur-age-140x140.png 140w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110420\/Monsieur-age-350x350.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Monsieur \u00e2g\u00e9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"569\" height=\"570\" data-id=\"72702\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110413\/Dame-agee.png\" alt=\"Dame \u00e2g\u00e9e\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110413\/Dame-agee.png 569w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110413\/Dame-agee-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110413\/Dame-agee-50x50.png 50w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110413\/Dame-agee-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110413\/Dame-agee-140x140.png 140w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25110413\/Dame-agee-350x350.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dame \u00e2g\u00e9e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Selon le rapport \u00ab&nbsp;Projections d\u00e9mographiques du Japon&nbsp;\u00bb publi\u00e9 en 2012 par l\u2019Institut national de recherche sur la population, <strong>la population de seniors va continuer \u00e0 augmenter. Les projections pr\u00e9voient qu\u2019en 2060, les plus de 65 ans repr\u00e9senteront 38 % de la population japonaise<\/strong>, et les plus de 75 ans, pr\u00e8s de 27 % des Japonais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cons\u00e9quences du vieillissement du Japon et solutions alternatives<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Ce vieillissement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 p\u00e8se sur les finances publiques.<\/strong> Il implique la hausse des d\u00e9penses de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale, et un poids croissant du financement des retraites, <strong>mettant ainsi en p\u00e9ril l\u2019\u00e9quilibre budg\u00e9taire<\/strong> entre pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et prestations sociales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Le vieillissement de la population donne lieu \u00e0 une <strong>p\u00e9nurie de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre<\/strong>. Une p\u00e9nurie qui implique non seulement <strong>le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019activit\u00e9 des seniors retrait\u00e9s<\/strong> (par ailleurs favoris\u00e9 par le faible niveau des pensions)<strong>, mais aussi la hausse du taux d\u2019activit\u00e9 des femmes<\/strong>&nbsp;: en 2019, elles sont plus de 70 % \u00e0 travailler, contre pr\u00e8s de 57 % en 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"569\" height=\"773\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25111955\/Femme.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72712\" style=\"width:299px;height:406px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25111955\/Femme.png 569w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25111955\/Femme-368x500.png 368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, la <strong>faible natalit\u00e9 et la baisse de la population active freinent la croissance<\/strong> et <strong>mettent \u00e0 mal le dynamisme \u00e9conomique de l\u2019Archipel et sa comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019international<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25172735\/Momijigari-1024x730.jpg\" alt=\"Des japonais admirant les couleurs de l'automne\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72727\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25172735\/Momijigari-1024x730.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25172735\/Momijigari-500x356.jpg 500w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25172735\/Momijigari-1536x1094.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25172735\/Momijigari-2048x1459.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25172735\/Momijigari-scaled.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Momijigari \u23aa Photographie&nbsp;: @hakannural, Unsplash<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Solutions alternatives<\/strong> pour rem\u00e9dier au vieillissement de la population<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Pour faire face \u00e0 la p\u00e9nurie annonc\u00e9e de main d\u2019\u0153uvre jug\u00e9e alarmante, le Japon explore plusieurs pistes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>Allocations familiales, gratuit\u00e9 des cr\u00e8ches pour les familles \u00e0 faibles revenus, <strong>cong\u00e9s paternit\u00e9<\/strong><\/strong>, <strong>avantages fiscaux<\/strong>&#8230; diff\u00e9rentes initiatives destin\u00e9es \u00e0 relancer la natalit\u00e9 ont vu le jour, avec la nomination d\u2019un ministre d\u2019\u00c9tat en charge de la d\u00e9natalit\u00e9. Mais \u00e0 ce jour, ces initiatives n\u2019ont pas (encore) port\u00e9 leurs fruits&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"695\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25113729\/Enfants-jouant.png\" alt=\"Enfants japonais en train de jouer\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72716\" style=\"width:400px;height:348px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25113729\/Enfants-jouant.png 800w, https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25113729\/Enfants-jouant-500x434.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Outre des initiatives destin\u00e9es \u00e0 relancer la natalit\u00e9, certains au plus haut niveau de l\u2019\u00c9tat reconnaissent un besoin de <strong>recourir aux travailleurs \u00e9trangers<\/strong>. Mais l\u2019opinion publique est souvent r\u00e9ticente \u00e0 cette id\u00e9e, et l\u2019assouplissement de la politique d\u2019immigration reste une question sensible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">D\u2019autres voix tendent donc \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier <strong>la robotique<\/strong>. Certains <strong>robots humano\u00efdes<\/strong> comme \u00ab&nbsp;Robovie&nbsp;\u00bb ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait leur apparition dans certains centres commerciaux, pour renseigner les clients ou v\u00e9rifier le port du masque (par ailleurs <a href=\"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/fr\/japonaiseportent-masques\/\" class=\"ek-link\">largement r\u00e9pandu au Japon<\/a>). <strong>Ils pourraient \u00eatre amen\u00e9s \u00e0 se multiplier<\/strong>, en raison de la tension d\u2019un march\u00e9 du travail en manque d\u2019ouvriers, de ma\u00e7ons et d\u2019\u00e9lectriciens. Ils pourraient aussi se d\u00e9velopper sur les cha\u00eenes de montage, pour les travaux dangereux ou \u00e0 forte p\u00e9nibilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"400\" data-id=\"72706\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25111213\/Robot-femme.png\" alt=\"Robot femme\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72706\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Robot femme<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"400\" data-id=\"72710\" src=\"https:\/\/voyapon.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/25111511\/Robot-homme.png\" alt=\"Robot homme\" class=\"wp-post-72692 wp-image-72710\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Robot homme<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Le Japon affiche l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e au monde, mais aussi, revers de la m\u00e9daille, l\u2019un des taux de natalit\u00e9 les plus bas. La population est vieillissante, et ce vieillissement s\u2019amplifie. Face \u00e0 la crise d\u00e9mographique et la d\u00e9population, le Japon explore des solutions endog\u00e8nes, comme la relance de la natalit\u00e9 ou la robotique, ou exog\u00e8nes, comme l\u2019immigration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Troisi\u00e8me puissance mondiale, le Japon, g\u00e9ant \u00e9conomique et technologique, conna\u00eet pourtant une chute d\u00e9mographique. Quelles en sont les cons\u00e9quences, tant soci\u00e9tales qu\u2019\u00e9conomiques, et quelles solutions le gouvernement cherche-t-il \u00e0 mettre en place&nbsp;? Apr\u00e8s le recensement de 2020, faisons le point sur la situation d\u00e9mographique du Japon. Combien de personnes vivent au Japon ? La population [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":168,"featured_media":72701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2607,2719,2825,2850,2862],"tags":[503],"class_list":["post-72692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-voyage","category-kanto-destinations","category-tokyo-itineraires","category-tokyo-destinations-destinations-les-plus-populaires-destinations","category-tokyo","tag-societe-japonaise"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.5 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>D\u00e9mographie : Combien de personnes vivent au Japon ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La population du Japon diminue depuis des ann\u00e9es. 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