{"id":5985,"date":"2020-09-05T09:55:03","date_gmt":"2020-09-05T00:55:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/?p=5985"},"modified":"2024-07-10T08:59:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-09T23:59:34","slug":"addressing-someone-japanese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/addressing-someone-japanese\/","title":{"rendered":"Addressing someone in Japanese without using \u201cYou\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In Japanese culture, addressing someone without using their names may seem impolite. It can be perceived that the person you are addressing isn’t important enough that you should remember their name. Imagine if you were referred to as \u201cthat person\u201d instead of your name. Sounds a bit rude, doesn’t it? In Japanese, there are many other ways to address someone other than “you”, and it is important to learn how to use them to avoid awkward situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Actual Japanese Words for “You” are Anata<\/em> and Kimi<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnata\u201d (\u8cb4\u65b9)<\/strong>, is the most common \u201cyou\u201d in Japanese. Typically, wives or lovers use this with male partners. You may also hear \u201canata\u201d when people scream at each other, which happens more often in dramas and movies or say, among colorful areas at late hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In contrast, \u201ckimi\u201d (\u541b\/\u304d\u307f)<\/strong> can be spoken by husbands or lovers to their female partners. An elderly person might use the term with any younger person, while seniors also use the word when conversing with company subordinates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kimi is a gentle term meaning “you”.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Since Japan emphasizes their etiquette with a capital E, people address each other politely by their names, plus a carefully chosen suffix. What are the suffixes you can use to address someone in Japanese?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can you address someone in Japanese?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

San (\u3055\u3093)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Business colleagues often refer to each other by their surname plus -san.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSan\u201d is the most commonly used suffix, neither gender- nor age-specific. In English, \u201csan\u201d translates \u201cMr\u201d, \u201cMs\u201d, \u201cMrs\u201d or \u201cMiss\u201d. And yes, this “san” is the same \u201csan\u201d as \u201cokaa-san\u201d (mother), \u201cotou-san\u201d (father), \u201conee-san\u201d (elder sister), \u201conii-san\u201d (elder brother), etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An interesting observation, these supposedly family references is language also used for someone personally unknown to the speaker. For instance, a seller from a fruit stall could address a housewife customer using \u201cokaa-san\u201d, and if she seems younger (perhaps not yet a mother), she might be called \u201conee-san\u201d instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSan\u201d etiquette extends to non-humans, like places or companies. \u201cHon-ya-san\u201d would be something like \u201cMr. bookstore\u201d and \u201ctempura-ya-san\u201d as \u201cMr. tempura store\u201d. And when you are a staff addressing another company, you may say \u201cABC-kaisha-san\u201d (\u201cMr. ABC Company\u201d) as a respectful term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sama (\u69d8)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSama\u201d is the polite form of \u201csan\u201d, which is also frequently heard everyday language, especially throughout commercial settings. It is common etiquette being addressed as \u201c[last name]-sama\u201d visiting a bank or a hospital, or \u201cokyaku-sama\u201d (customer) among stores or restaurants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Customers are addressed using the -sama suffix.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Since \u201csama\u201d is used extensively in daily life, there are altered kanji<\/em> (Japanese characters) to specify the rankings. The four \u201csama-s\u201d are, in descending order, \u201cei-sama\u201d, \u201ctsugi-sama\u201d, \u201cbi-sama\u201d and \u201chira-sama.\u201d Their differences are distinguished through written language by how bottom right part of the kanji<\/em> are written (i.e. \u201c\u6c38\u201d in \u201c\u6a23\u201d versus the \u201c\u6c34\u201d in a regular \u201c\u69d8\u201d). To avoid complications, just remember that \u201csama\u201d is the most polite etiquette for addressing others, but it is usually used toward us as customers (unless you are the employee addressing your own customers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chan (\u3061\u3083\u3093)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Babies are called “aka-chan” regardless of gender.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

A cuter version of \u201csan\u201d, usually used with children (boys and girls) as well as younger females of closer relations, such as in school or among friends. However, \u201cchan\u201d is also used for older, close relatives, like grandma (\u201cobaa-chan\u201d) and grandpa (\u201cojii-chan\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You will also hear \u201cchan\u201d after animal words, like \u201cneko-chan\u201d or \u201cinu-chan\u201d, somewhat like \u201ckitty\u201d or \u201cdoggy\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


<\/a>Side note:<\/strong> Only recently did I learn that \u201came-chan\u201d (candy) is non-existent outside of the Kansai area, and so is \u201co-imo-san\u201d (potato) or \u201cunko-san\u201d (poo). Regional language variations are not unheard of between Japan’s prefectures, so beyond the regionalism that already interests me, the personification of everyday objects is just too adorable!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Some parts of Japan refer to poo as “unko-san”!<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kun (\u541b\/\u304f\u3093)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKun\u201d is generally used for little boys, for juniors (at work), or for close friends among grown-ups. It isn’t used for girls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sensei (\u5148\u751f) \/ Senpai (\u5148\u8f29) and Kouhai (\u5f8c\u8f29)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSensei\u201d is proper etiquette for teachers, doctors, lawyers, or other respectable occupations or masteries, such as artists, musicians, or writers. It can be used after a name, like with \u201csan\u201d or \u201csama\u201d. The title can also stand alone. Professional titles can be used similarly, for instance \u201c[name]-bengoshi\u201d (lawyer) or \u201c[name]-senshu\u201d (athlete).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSenpai\u201d<\/strong> refers to school or work seniors, while \u201cKouhai\u201d<\/strong> is used for the junior partner in the relationship. It’s usually governed by age, but sometimes by experience as well. This relationship often continues throughout life outside of work or school. The senpai-kouhai relationship in Japan is a very important one and can take an entire article on its own to explain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The list of suffixes continues, but don\u2019t worry just yet: you need not memorize every definition of the above for surviving Japan. Good news is, a simple \u201csan\u201d will get you through without great language issues. Remember, no \u201cyou\u201d unless you have a lover (and I hope you will not run into situations that require yelling at people!).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Addressing someone in Japanese is a bit complicated, as honorific titles or suffixes will have to be used accordingly and correctly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":70751,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pgc_meta":"","_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":4,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,2050],"tags":[1385,2231,1331],"class_list":{"0":"post-5985","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-culture","8":"category-things-to-know","9":"tag-japanese","10":"tag-living-in-japan","11":"tag-manners"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Is It Rude To Address Someone as "You" In Japanese?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to address someone politely in Japanese using honorific titles and other 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