Confucianism<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\nAs well as counters for people (-nin<\/em> ; \u4eba), there are counters for small objects (-ko<\/em> ; \u500b), books (-satsu<\/em> ; \u518a), floors (-kai<\/em> ; \u968e), the liquid contents of a container (such as a glass) (-hai<\/em> ; \u676f), items of technology (such as a television or a car) (-dai<\/em> ; \u53f0), long cylindrical objects (-hon<\/em> ; \u672c), flat, thin objects (such as paper) (-mai<\/em> ; \u679a), houses (-ken<\/em> ; \u8ed2), small animals (-hiki<\/em> ; \u5339), large animals (-t\u014d<\/em> ; \u982d) and so on. There are also counters for time, such as (-fun<\/em> or \u2013pun<\/em> ; \u5206) for minutes, (-ka<\/em> or \u2013nichi<\/em> ; \u65e5) for days and (-gatsu<\/em> or -getsu<\/em>; \u6708) for months.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDoes it seem complicated? It can certainly seem that way for those learning Japanese as a foreign language. Most counters vary their pronunciation by the number they are associated with<\/strong>, and it is generally the first letter of the counter that changes. For example, one cylindrical object is i<\/em>pp<\/em><\/strong>on<\/em>. Three cylindrical objects are san<\/em>b<\/em><\/strong>on<\/em>. In addition, the counter can change the pronunciation of the number itself, such as in the example below for counting peopl<\/strong>e, which might prove helpful to know when you’re travelling in Japan:<\/p>\n\n\n\nCounting People in Japanese<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\u4e00\u4eba<\/td> hitori<\/td> 1 person<\/td><\/tr> \u4e8c\u4eba<\/td> futari<\/td> 2 people<\/td><\/tr> \u4e09\u4eba<\/td> sannin<\/td> 3 people<\/td><\/tr> \u56db\u4eba<\/td> yonin<\/td> 4 people<\/td><\/tr> \u4e94\u4eba<\/td> gonin<\/td> 5 people<\/td><\/tr> \u516d\u4eba<\/td> rokunin<\/td> 6 people<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>Counters for people in Japanese<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nYou will be pleased to know that there is a universal counter for inanimate objects known as \u2013tsu (\u3064<\/strong><\/em><\/strong>),<\/strong> which can, for example, be used when ordering dishes in a restaurant. It may seem practical, though the pronunciation of the numbers is different when this counter is added.<\/p>\n\n\n\nUniversal Japanese Counter for Inanimate Objects<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\u4e00\u3064<\/td> hitotsu<\/td> 1<\/td><\/tr> \u4e8c\u3064<\/td> futatsu<\/td> 2<\/td><\/tr> \u4e09\u3064<\/td> mittsu<\/td> 3<\/td><\/tr> \u56db\u3064<\/td> yottsu<\/td> 4<\/td><\/tr> \u4e94\u3064<\/td> itsutsu<\/td> 5<\/td><\/tr> \u516d\u3064<\/td> muttsu<\/td> 6<\/td><\/tr> \u4e03\u3064<\/td> nanatsu<\/td> 7<\/td><\/tr> \u516b\u3064<\/td> yattsu<\/td> 8<\/td><\/tr> \u4e5d\u3064<\/td> kokonotsu<\/td> 9<\/td><\/tr> \u5341<\/td> t\u014d<\/td> 10<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>The universal counter “-tsu” changes the pronunciation of the numbers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nAs you will notice, the counter comes after the noun and number. <\/strong>For example, “two books” is hon o ni-satsu (\u672c\u3092\u4e8c\u518a). <\/em>When ordering “four tempura,” the universal counter -tsu can be used like this: tenpura o yottsu, onegai shimasu<\/em> (\u5929\u3077\u3089\u3092\u56db\u3064\u3001\u304a\u9858\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3059).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nHow to Count on your Fingers in Japan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n Did you know that the Japanese count with their fingers starting with their hands open? Compared to some western countries, which start with fingers folded over and closed, in Japan, people count to themselves, starting with an open hand with fingers outstretched to signify 0<\/strong>. Then, they fold the finger into the palm at each number, starting with the thumb until the hand is fully closed at 5<\/strong>. They continue by reopening the fingers, beginning with the pinkie finger for numbers greater than 5. This system can pose a challenge as 4 and 6 are the same, as well as 3 and 7, 2 and 8, and 1 and 9.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThis counting method also changes depending on whether the person is counting to themselves or they shows a number to another person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\nFinger Counting: 1 is a folded thumb against the palm; 2 is a folded thumb and index finger, and 3 is a folded thumb, index finger and middle finger.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nTo avoid ambiguity, there is another system for when you run out of fingers<\/strong> which can prove particularly useful for ordering at a restaurant. You start with a raised hand, while the palm faces the speaker with all fingers folded, you unfold a finger from the palm with each number. For 1, you unfold the index finger; for 2, the index and middle finger; for 3, you open the ring finger, or sometimes the thumb, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\nOther ways of counting with fingers for 1, 2 and 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIn Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n In Japanese, each number corresponds to a kanji. The logical counting system determines the number depending on how kanji is combined. The system has certain special features, such as the presence of 10,000 units, specific counters for each category of living thing and object, and a unique method of finger counting. For more basics of the Japanese language, check out our other articles on how to say thank you in Japanese<\/a> and the meaning of expressions such as “ itadakimasu<\/a>” and “ otsukaresama<\/a>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTranslated from French by Mark Webster<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"In everyday life in Japan, Arabic numerals (1,2,3…) are widely used, but each number still has its own Kanji character…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":168,"featured_media":84448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pgc_meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2050],"tags":[1385,2231],"class_list":{"0":"post-84307","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-things-to-know","8":"tag-japanese","9":"tag-living-in-japan"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Counting in Japanese: Kanji & Counters for People & Objects<\/title>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\t \n\t \n\t \n \n \n \n\t \n\t \n\t \n