{"id":94676,"date":"2022-08-22T14:54:10","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T05:54:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/?p=94676"},"modified":"2024-02-27T14:42:35","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T05:42:35","slug":"chado-japanese-tea-ceremony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/chado-japanese-tea-ceremony\/","title":{"rendered":"Chado: Where All Forms of Japanese Art Meet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>My introduction to the world of <strong>Japanese tea ceremony<\/strong> (\u8336\u9053,\u00a0<em>chado<\/em>)\u00a0took place during my first visit to Japan in 2016. Everywhere I stayed, from the smallest ryokan to the grandest hotels, Japanese green tea was served, and tea-making equipment was supplied in my room. My first tea ceremony experience was at a small tea house in Kyoto; this encounter ignited my interest in <em>Chado<\/em>. I immediately was drawn to <strong>the understated elegance of the tearoom<\/strong> and the variety of beauty displayed by the tea utensils. Everything from the kimono worn by the <em>chajin<\/em> (\u8336\u4eba, tea people) to the delicate sweets in the form of seasonal flowers served with the vibrant green bowl of matcha was a feast for the senses. After years of independent research and self-study, it was an absolute joy to finally begin formally practising <em>Chado<\/em> with a sensei of my own in London.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"toc wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#history-Japanese-Tea-Ceremony\" class=\"ek-link\">The History of Japanese Tea Ceremony<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#What-is-the-Japanese-Tea-Ceremony\" class=\"ek-link\">What is the Japanese Tea Ceremony?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kimono-Traditional-Outfit-for-Tea-Ceremony\" class=\"ek-link\">Kimono: The Traditional Outfit for Tea Ceremony&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Japanese-Tea-Gardens\" class=\"ek-link\">Japanese Tea Gardens&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Chado-Tearoom\" class=\"ek-link\">The Chado Tearoom&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Flowers-Tea-Ceremony\" class=\"ek-link\">Flowers for the Tea Ceremony<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Calligraphy-Tea-Ceremony\" class=\"ek-link\">Calligraphy for the Tea Ceremony<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#What-Are-the-Utensils-for-a-Japanese-Tea-Ceremony\" class=\"ek-link\">What Are the Utensils for a Japanese Tea Ceremony?&nbsp;<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Chawan-Tea-Bowl\" class=\"ek-link\">The <em>Chawan<\/em> or Tea Bowl<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Chasen-or-Tea-Whisk\" class=\"ek-link\">The <em>Chasen<\/em> or Tea Whisk<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Japanese-Lacquerware\" class=\"ek-link\">Japanese Lacquerware<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Traditional-Japanese-Sweets-Served-for-the-Tea-Ceremony\" class=\"ek-link\">Traditional Japanese Sweets Served for Chado<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"history-Japanese-Tea-Ceremony\">The History of Japanese Tea Ceremony<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to legend, <strong>Shen Nong discovered tea in China in 2737BC<\/strong>. It made its way to Japan in the 8<sup>th<\/sup> century, carried by Buddhist monks returning from China via the Silk Road. The <strong>celebrated tea master Sen no Rikyu<\/strong> (1522-1591), the founder of Teaism, shaped Japanese tea culture into the art form we now recognise as <em>Chado<\/em> or the Way of Tea. He was the father of <em>wabi cha<\/em>, tea of quiet taste, which promoted the use of rustic pieces in the tea ceremony. The <strong>three main schools of tea are <em>Urasenke, Omotesenke, <\/em>and<em> Mushakojisenke<\/em>.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201615\/Chado_Ukiyoe-1-738x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Japanese Ukiyo-e Woodblock print by Kitao Shigemasa of three woman in kimono performing tea ceremony\" class=\"wp-image-94747\" width=\"554\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201615\/Chado_Ukiyoe-1-738x1024.jpg 738w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201615\/Chado_Ukiyoe-1-361x500.jpg 361w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201615\/Chado_Ukiyoe-1-150x208.jpg 150w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201615\/Chado_Ukiyoe-1.jpg 923w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><figcaption>Ukiyo-e Woodblock print by Kitao Shigemasa, c.1772-1776, entitled Third Lunar Month, Blossom Viewing at Asuka Hill. <em>Image: <a aria-label=\"Library of Congress Prints &amp; Photographs Division. (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/resource\/jpd.02258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">Library of Congress Prints &amp; Photographs Division.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"What-is-the-Japanese-Tea-Ceremony\">What is the Japanese Tea Ceremony?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1872, the Japanese government officially recognized <em>chanoyu<\/em> (\u8336\u306e\u6e6f) as a Japanese art form of great cultural significance. <em>Chanoyu<\/em>, usually translated as tea ceremony, literally means hot water for tea. <strong>It is the ritual of preparing and serving matcha, <\/strong>a <a href=\"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/matcha-green-tea\/\" class=\"ek-link\">powdered Japanese green tea<\/a>. There are four guiding principles of <em>Chado,<\/em> according to Sen no Rikyu. These are <strong><em>Wa, Kei, Sei <\/em>and<em> Jaku<\/em><\/strong>. First, <em>Wa<\/em> is the perfect harmony of all elements. Second, <em>Kei<\/em> is a reverence and respect for all things. Third, <em>Sei<\/em> represents cleanliness, order, and purity. Finally, <em>Jaku<\/em> means calm or tranquillity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>The tearoom was an oasis in the dreary waste of existence where weary travellers could meet to drink from the common spring of art appreciation. The ceremony was an improvised drama whose plot was woven about the tea, the flowers, and the paintings.<\/p><cite>Okakura Kakuzo<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Chanoyu<\/em> also teaches art appreciation<\/strong>, showing reverence for the <em>chabana<\/em> (\u8336\u82b1, tea flowers) and calligraphy scroll is one of the first things guests do upon entering the tearoom. Examining the tea utensils is the final part of the ritual, the last thing guests do before leaving the tearoom; this is called <em>haiken<\/em>, the viewing of the utensils. After the last guest has finished their tea, the first guest will enquire about the provenance of the utensils, including the <em>chashaku<\/em> (\u8336\u6753, tea scoop) and <em>natsume<\/em> (\u68d7, tea caddy). Where was it made? Who was it made by? What is it called?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Kimono-Traditional-Outfit-for-Tea-Ceremony\">Kimono: The Traditional Outfit for the Tea Ceremony<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/kimono-japanese-traditional-clothing\/\" class=\"ek-link\">Both men and women traditionally wear kimono<\/a> to attend and host tea gatherings. Besides geisha, tea ceremony practitioners are some of the last people left in Japan who still wear kimono regularly. However, there are guidelines about what kind of kimono should be worn to tea gatherings. Traditionally, guests attending a tea ceremony remove their jewellery and wear white tabi socks and <em>iromuji<\/em> (\u8272\u7121\u5730), <strong>a kimono of a single solid colour without large patterns or flashy designs<\/strong>. Younger women wear pale pink or peach tones, while older women wear muted shades of silver grey, brown or dark blue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201922\/kimono_for_teaceremony-1-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A woman dressed in a blue iromuji kimono drinks from a chawan during the tea ceremony.\" class=\"wp-image-94748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201922\/kimono_for_teaceremony-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201922\/kimono_for_teaceremony-1-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201922\/kimono_for_teaceremony-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201922\/kimono_for_teaceremony-1-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201922\/kimono_for_teaceremony-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14201922\/kimono_for_teaceremony-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Follow the guidelines for what kind of kimono should be worn to tea gatherings. For example, younger women wear pale pink or peach tones, while older women wear muted shades of silver grey, brown or dark blue. <em>Photo: <a aria-label=\"Ryutaro Tsukata (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@ryutaro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">Ryutaro Tsukata<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The kimono is a wearable art form; the t-shaped garment comes to life when wrapped around the human body. By wearing kimono to make and serve tea, <em>chajin<\/em> demonstrate the beauty of Japanese textiles, as they were designed to be seen, worn, and gracefully in motion, as opposed to hanging flat in an exhibition. However, <strong>the kimono is an endangered Japanese art form<\/strong>. As the national dress of Japan, the <a href=\"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wear-japanese-kimono\/\" class=\"ek-link\">kimono was once worn daily<\/a>. However, after the economic boom of the 1980s, fewer and fewer Japanese people wore kimono. They are now generally reserved only for special occasions such as weddings or <a href=\"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/legal-age-japan\/\" class=\"ek-link\">coming of age ceremonies<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The lack of demand for new kimono, combined with the advanced age of kimono craftspeople and no apprentices to take their place, has led to a systemic decline in the kimono industry. So, attending a tea gathering is a rare opportunity to enjoy wearing kimono or see it being worn. As anyone who has worn one can tell you, wearing a kimono immediately changes how you move; <strong>you have to slow down, move at a slower pace, take smaller steps, and change how you sit<\/strong>. There is an understated elegance to the kimono worn to tea ceremonies. They may not be the eye-catching kind worn by maiko and geisha, but they have a quiet beauty, harmonising with the other elements of the tea room, <strong>so no one element outshines another.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Japanese-Tea-Gardens\">Japanese Tea Gardens<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Inspired by Zen principles<\/strong>, the <em>roji<\/em><strong> <\/strong>(\u9732\u5730), meaning<strong> <\/strong>dewy path, is the most modest of all Japanese gardens. As you walk through the tea garden, you will notice varied shades of green foliage and mosses and the absence of any brightly coloured flowers. This is because <strong>the <em>roji<\/em> is designed to help soothe the mind <\/strong>and prepare you to enter the world of tea.<strong> <\/strong>Guests enter through a gate and travel through the tea garden along a stone path. This journey is meant to symbolise leaving behind the outside world and your worldly concerns before entering the teahouse.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202034\/katsuyama_park_teahouse-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"The tea garden at Katsuyama Park in Kitakyushu, Japan\" class=\"wp-image-94749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202034\/katsuyama_park_teahouse-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202034\/katsuyama_park_teahouse-1-500x334.jpg 500w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202034\/katsuyama_park_teahouse-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202034\/katsuyama_park_teahouse-1-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202034\/katsuyama_park_teahouse-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202034\/katsuyama_park_teahouse-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>As you enter a Japanese tea garden, leave the outside world behind as you enter the world of tea in the Chado tearoom. <em>Photo: \u00a9JNTO<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Chado-Tearoom\">The Chado Tearoom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>chaseki<\/em> (\u8336\u5e2d, tearoom) is a modest space, many of which resemble small cottages of only four and a half tatami mats wide. It is <strong>designed to be a sanctuary<\/strong>, built using only natural elements, like wood and bamboo, anchoring it in the natural world. It is without ornament, which like the white walls of an art gallery, provides the perfect stage for the tea ceremony and allows the beauty of the few carefully chosen decorative elements to shine through<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202616\/Ritsurin_tea_house-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"View of Ritsurin Garden through the sliding doors of Kikugetsutei\u00a0tea house in Takamatsu.\" class=\"wp-image-94750\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202616\/Ritsurin_tea_house-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202616\/Ritsurin_tea_house-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202616\/Ritsurin_tea_house-640x853.jpg 640w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202616\/Ritsurin_tea_house-150x200.jpg 150w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202616\/Ritsurin_tea_house.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><figcaption>The <em>chaseki<\/em> tearoom is designed to be a sanctuary, built using only natural elements, like wood and bamboo.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In every tearoom, you will find a <em>tokonoma<\/em> (\u5e8a\u306e\u9593); <strong>this alcove is a space dedicated to showcasing art<\/strong>. It houses the <em>chabana<\/em> flowers and the hanging scroll, the only two decorative elements in the otherwise bare room. <strong><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Book_of_Tea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Okakura Kakuzo (1863-1913), author of The Book of Tea<\/a>, <\/strong>believed that the tearoom was the only place where one could engage in the \u201cadoration of the beautiful,\u201d undisturbed by the aggravations of modern life. Even though he was writing in 1900, his words seem more appropriate than ever.<strong> <\/strong>I know that the three hours a week I spend at <em>keiko<\/em> (tea ceremony practise) are a tonic to living in a world where we can rarely disconnect. When you are focused solely on the procedures for making tea and the objects in front of you, everything becomes quieter, and you can appreciate the beauty of each item.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cThe single flower preserved in the tearoom\u2026greatly intensified the beauty of all the flowers in the garden.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p><cite>Soshitsu Sen XV<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Flowers-Tea-Ceremony\">Flowers for the Tea Ceremony<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Chabana<\/em> (\u8336\u82b1) are flowers chosen for a tea gathering. Unlike ikebana, this minimalist arrangement usually only includes one or two stems of seasonal flowers in a bamboo basket or vase. Flowers that are brightly coloured or have a strong perfume are not suitable for the tearoom because they could disrupt the delicate balance of elements in the space. Instead, the flowers should look like they have just been picked and are fresh from the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202940\/tokonoma_chabana_calligraphy-682x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Tokonoma displaying a hanging scroll and flowers prepared for the tea ceremony. \" class=\"wp-image-94751\" width=\"512\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202940\/tokonoma_chabana_calligraphy-682x1024.jpg 682w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202940\/tokonoma_chabana_calligraphy-333x500.jpg 333w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202940\/tokonoma_chabana_calligraphy-150x225.jpg 150w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14202940\/tokonoma_chabana_calligraphy.jpg 852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption>In every tearoom, you will find a <em>tokonoma<\/em>; this alcove is a space dedicated to showcasing art, including flower displays and calligraphy. Here, the scroll reads, \u201cA summer breeze comes from the south\u201d. <em>Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/author\/toddfong\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">Todd Fong<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Calligraphy-Tea-Ceremony\">Calligraphy for the Tea Ceremony<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Another one of the art forms showcased during the tea ceremony is calligraphy, often composed by a celebrated priest or tea master known for their brushwork. This critical element of <em>chanoyu<\/em> will be in the form of a <strong><em>kakemono<\/em> (\u639b\u7269<\/strong>, <strong>hanging object).<\/strong> These are <strong>vertical Japanese scroll paintings<\/strong> or calligraphy mounted onto brocade fabric so they can be easily rolled and stored. The host takes time to select a suitable <em>kakemono<\/em> for each tea gathering, depending on the season and the feeling they want to convey. This artwork is the first thing guests see when entering the tearoom, and in combination with the <em>chabana<\/em>, it will <strong>set the mood of the tea gathering<\/strong>. Sometimes this may only be a single character. For example, in June, my sensei chose a scroll that read <em>taki<\/em> (\u6edd, waterfall) to suggest feelings of coolness on a hot day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"What-Are-the-Utensils-for-a-Japanese-Tea-Ceremony\">What Are the Utensils for a Japanese Tea Ceremony?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A 17th-century Spanish priest once called the <em>d\u014dgu<\/em> (\u9053\u5177, <strong>Japanese tea ceremony utensils<\/strong>) the crown jewels of Japan. These items vary depending on the season and formality of the tea gathering. Still, the following items will always be present, a tea bowl, tea caddy, tea whisk, and scoop. These are carefully purified in front of the guests before each bowl of tea is made, showing reverence for the utensils and deference to the guests. <strong>Japanese aesthetics prize asymmetry over symmetrical and odd numbers over even<\/strong>, so no one colour or design is repeated when all the objects are assembled. Instead, the <em>d<em>\u014d<\/em>gu<\/em>, combined with the <em>chabana<\/em> and <em>kakemono<\/em>, will suggest an overall seasonal theme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Chawan-Tea-Bowl\">The Chawan or Tea Bowl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the tearoom, Japan\u2019s rich history of ceramics is represented by the <em>chaire<\/em> (\u8336\u5165, container for thick tea) and the <em>chawan<\/em> (\u8336\u7897) tea bowl. <strong>The tea bowl is the most iconic tea utensil<\/strong>, and because both the host and the guest handle it, it is also considered the most important. Like works of art, each tea bowl has its own poetic name. These can be divided into three categories. <strong>The most prized tea bowls are <em>Raku<\/em> (\u697d\u713c,&nbsp;raku-yaki), meaning enjoyment or pleasure.<\/strong> <em>Raku<\/em> bowls are usually black or red. These pieces are made in the <em>Raku<\/em> family kiln, whose lineage stretches back to the 16<sup>th<\/sup> century.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203104\/chawan-_in_the_snow-769x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A Japanese Tea bowl decorated with cranes in the snow.\" class=\"wp-image-94752\" width=\"577\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203104\/chawan-_in_the_snow-769x1024.jpg 769w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203104\/chawan-_in_the_snow-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203104\/chawan-_in_the_snow-1153x1536.jpg 1153w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203104\/chawan-_in_the_snow-640x853.jpg 640w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203104\/chawan-_in_the_snow-150x200.jpg 150w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203104\/chawan-_in_the_snow.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/><figcaption> When you drink matcha from one of these beautiful <em>chawan<\/em>, you appreciate tea bowls in a new way. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Finely made tea bowls from Kyoto, called <em><em>Ky\u014d<\/em>&#8211;<em>yaki<\/em><\/em> (\u4eac\u713c, Kyoto ware), are admired for their brightly coloured designs. These tea bowls are made in Kyoto by its many talented ceramists. Ogata Kenzan (1663-1743) was one of the most talented, famous for painting and calligraphy. He often incorporated brushwork into his ceramic pieces. The last type is <em>Kuni-yaki<\/em> (\u56fd\u713c, country fired), which encompasses pieces from all over Japan and includes hundreds of styles, including Hagi ware (\u8429\u713c,&nbsp;<em>Hagi<\/em>&#8211;<em>yaki<\/em>). When you drink matcha from one of these beautiful <em>chawan<\/em>, you appreciate tea bowls in a new way. Understanding how the weight of a heavy-set raku bowl feels comforting in your hands or how the modest surroundings of the tearoom highlight the ornate designs of a <em>Ky<em><em>\u014d<\/em><\/em>-yaki<\/em> bowl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Chasen-or-Tea-Whisk\">The Chasen or Tea Whisk<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bamboo is an instantly recognisable element of Japanese art and design. In <em>chanoyu<\/em>, it is represented by the <em>chasen<\/em>. The <em>chasen<\/em> (\u8336\u7b45, tea whisk) is one of the essential tools necessary to perform the tea ceremony and perhaps the most recognisable after the <em>chawan<\/em>. It has a history of over 530 years, and like the <em>chashaku<\/em> (\u8336\u6753, tea scoop), both are carved from bamboo, and their form has remained unchanged for hundreds of years. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203216\/matcha_whisk_chasen-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"closeup of bamboo chasen used to whisk usucha (thin tea).\" class=\"wp-image-94753\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203216\/matcha_whisk_chasen-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203216\/matcha_whisk_chasen-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203216\/matcha_whisk_chasen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203216\/matcha_whisk_chasen-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203216\/matcha_whisk_chasen-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203216\/matcha_whisk_chasen.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>A bamboo chasen is used to whisk usucha (thin tea). <em>Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@payoonnoi\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" class=\"ek-link\">Payoon Gerinto<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The village of <strong>Takayama in Nara has been the <em>chasen<\/em>-making centre of Japan for centuries<\/strong>, and this is where 90% of Japanese tea whisks are made. Traditionally crafted bamboo <em>chasen<\/em> are made entirely by hand; <strong>it can take 2-3 years to make a single <em>chasen<\/em>. <\/strong>Each <em>chasen<\/em> is made of a single piece of bamboo split into strands. Legend has it that the form of <em>chasen<\/em> we now use was designed in the c.1500s by poet Takayama Sozei.&#8221;(-1455). When you enter a tearoom, you will notice several bamboo elements in the room, including flower containers, water ladles, and incense boxes, which are all used in <em>chanoyu<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Japanese-Lacquerware\">Japanese Lacquerware<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The East Asian history of lacquerware goes back thousands of years. In the tearoom, Japan\u2019s lacquerware (\u6f06\u5668, <em>shikki<\/em>) tradition is represented by lacquered trays or boxes used to serve sweets and the&nbsp;<em>natsume<\/em> (\u68d7),&nbsp;<strong>the ceremonial tea caddy for&nbsp;<em><strong><em>usucha<\/em><\/strong><\/em> (\u8584\u8336, thin tea). <\/strong><em>Natsume<\/em> are named after the jujube or Chinese red date. They are traditionally made from wood and coated with layers of black or red&nbsp;<em>urushi<\/em>&nbsp;lacquer, which hardens as it cools. The base can be left plain or decorated using gold and silver powders<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>to create elaborate designs.&nbsp;<strong>This technique is called&nbsp;<em>maki-e<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;(\u8494\u7d75, sprinkled picture). <em>Natsume<\/em> have a rounded cylindrical shape, slightly wider at the top, and a gently domed lid.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Traditional-Japanese-Sweets-Served-for-the-Tea-Ceremony\">Traditional Japanese Sweets Served for the Tea Ceremony<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Japanese confectionery has a history spanning thousands of years. <strong>Its three primary influences are Chinese sweets, <em>chanoyu,<\/em> and the arrival of Westerners in Japan.<\/strong> Sugar was once a luxury item, only enjoyed by the aristocracy. However, once Spanish and Portuguese merchants arrived, refined sugar became much more readily available. From the Edo period (1603-1867) onwards, <em>wagashi<\/em> (\u548c\u83d3\u5b50) came into its own, and demand exponentially increased. At the same time, <em>chanoyu<\/em> was also growing in popularity and these two art forms supported each other\u2019s development. <strong><em>Chado<\/em> contains elements that appeal to all five senses, including taste.<\/strong> We can admire the beauty of calligraphy and feel the glaze of a <em>chawan<\/em> beneath our touch. <em>Wagashi<\/em>, the Japanese sweets served before tea, are designed to stimulate both our sight and taste.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203541\/matcha_wagashi_teaceremony-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Nerikiri wagashi made in the shape of a green maple leaf called \u201cNew leaf.\u201d\" class=\"wp-image-94754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203541\/matcha_wagashi_teaceremony-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203541\/matcha_wagashi_teaceremony-400x500.jpg 400w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203541\/matcha_wagashi_teaceremony-1228x1536.jpg 1228w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203541\/matcha_wagashi_teaceremony-150x188.jpg 150w, https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/14203541\/matcha_wagashi_teaceremony.jpg 1023w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption><em>Wagashi<\/em>, the Japanese sweets served before tea, are designed to stimulate both our sight and taste.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The term <em>wagashi<\/em> was coined during the Meiji era (1868-1912)<\/strong> <em>wa<\/em> (\u548c) meaning Japanese, and <em>gashi<\/em> (\u83d3\u5b50), meaning sweets. Two varieties of <em>wagashi<\/em> are served during the tea ceremony. <em>Namagashi<\/em> (\u751f\u83d3\u5b50, fresh, moist sweets) like <em>nerikiri<\/em> (\u7df4\u308a\u5207\u308a), made from red and white bean paste and shaped by hand into the form of seasonally specific flowers, are served just before <em>koicha<\/em> (\u6fc3\u8336, thick tea.) These sweets are designed to be the perfect pairing for the tea, and their delicate sweetness is the ideal foil for <em>koicha<\/em>. Dry sugar sweets called <em>higashi<\/em> (\u5e72\u83d3\u5b50), which are pressed into the shapes of seasonal symbols and plants, are served just before the guests enjoy their <em>usucha<\/em>. <strong>These edible works of art represent the very best of traditional Japanese confectionery.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The tearoom acts as a sanctuary from the modern world<\/strong> and the perfect, minimal exhibition space to showcase the myriad forms of Japanese art and aesthetics visible during the tea ceremony. <strong>It is also the only place outside a museum or private residence where you can see all these Japanese art forms in one place.<\/strong> Moreover, these items are alive and actively used in the tearoom, just as they were during Sen no Riky\u016b\u2019s lifetime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Chado<\/em> is an art form that results <\/strong>in an elegant dance across the tatami of the tearoom. <strong>The practice of <em>chanoyu<\/em> cultivates an attitude of appreciation, quiet observation, and gratitude<\/strong>. It teaches us to broaden our definition of beauty to include objects we might not have considered previously. The more I study <em>chanoyu<\/em>, the more I value minimalism and understand the merits of a single bud over a bouquet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>My introduction to the world of Japanese tea ceremony (\u8336\u9053,\u00a0chado)\u00a0took place during my first visit to Japan in 2016. Everywhere&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":206,"featured_media":94703,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pgc_meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,2050],"tags":[1322,1329,1362],"class_list":{"0":"post-94676","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-culture","8":"category-things-to-know","9":"tag-kimono","10":"tag-tea","11":"tag-tradition"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Japanese Tea Ceremony: The Steps, Crafts &amp; Utensils of Chado<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ever wondered what happens at a Japanese tea ceremony? 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Here are the utensils, steps, and the traditional Japanese arts that makeup Chado.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/chado-japanese-tea-ceremony\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/voyapon.com\/chado-japanese-tea-ceremony\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/chado-japanese-tea-ceremony\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/08190537\/12408990_edit_491873436764007-01_resized_20220614_014919890-scaled.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/08190537\/12408990_edit_491873436764007-01_resized_20220614_014919890-scaled.jpeg","width":1024,"height":1280},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/chado-japanese-tea-ceremony\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Chado: Where All Forms of Japanese Art Meet"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/","name":"VOYAPON","description":"Japan Travel Visitors Guide","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/#organization","name":"Voyapon","url":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/10162038\/logo_voyapon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/10162038\/logo_voyapon.jpg","width":1417,"height":1417,"caption":"Voyapon"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/393b1a14098e3d0b93ecd320ea4b1a2f","name":"Natalie Leon","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/06205105\/me-01.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/s3.voyapon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/06205105\/me-01.jpeg","caption":"Natalie Leon"},"description":"I spent my childhood in the English countryside, moved to London to study art history at the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum and then went to SOAS to do my Masters in Japanese Studies. As a result, I have an addiction to vintage kimono, Japanese green tea and wagashi. I am now a Japanologist, freelance writer and tea ceremony practitioner. I write to share my passion for traditional Japanese culture, tea and seasonal living. Meanwhile, I'm planning my return to the countryside where I can build a tea house.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.natalie-leon.co.uk\/","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NatalieLeonWriter","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/sakura_sister_\/"],"url":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/author\/natalie\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/206"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94676"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94676\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voyapon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}